[Ramm] [Gendered Innovations] Lots of good stuff!

Sun Nov 3 21:57:29 IST 2019

1. Apple introduces non-binary emojis with new set of inclusive faces: While celebrated, some in the LGBTQ community say it reinforces a fixed idea of what gender-neutral people should look like https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2019/oct/29/apple-emoji-non-binary-lgbtq-gender-neutral

2. Super article: Let's talk about race: Identity, chatbots, and AI<https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3173889>
A Schlesinger<https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=rzNTGL8AAAAJ&hl=en&oi=sra>, KP O'Hara<https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=vfZzNC8AAAAJ&hl=en&oi=sra>, AS Taylor<https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ecxxlucAAAAJ&hl=en&oi=sra> - ... of the 2018 CHI Conference on ..., 2018 - dl.acm.org
Why is it so hard for chatbots to talk about race? This work explores how the biased contents
of databases, the syntactic focus of natural language processing, and the opaque nature of
deep learning algorithms cause chatbots difficulty in handling race-talk. In each of these
areas, the tensions between race and chatbots create new opportunities for people and
machines. By making the abstract and disparate qualities of this problem space tangible, we..

3. Environmental considerations: Energy and Policy Considerations for Deep Learning in NLP<https://arxiv.org/abs/1906.02243>
E Strubell<https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=UCDMtM0AAAAJ&hl=en&oi=sra>, A Ganesh<https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=rdXPC84AAAAJ&hl=en&oi=sra>, A McCallum<https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=yILa1y0AAAAJ&hl=en&oi=sra> - arXiv preprint arXiv:1906.02243, 2019 - arxiv.org
Recent progress in hardware and methodology for training neural networks has ushered in
a new generation of large networks trained on abundant data. These models have obtained
notable gains in accuracy across many NLP tasks. However, these accuracy improvements
depend on the availability of exceptionally large computational resources that necessitate
similarly substantial energy consumption. As a result these models are costly to train and
develop, both financially, due to the cost of hardware and electricity or cloud compute time ...

4. [PDF] How Computers See Gender: An Evaluation of Gender Classification in Commercial Facial Analysis and Image Labeling Services<https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/8140/f2a44d3bb698c6008def848c4d1f7f80b1de.pdf>
MK SCHEUERMAN<https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=BBMK69EAAAAJ&hl=en&oi=sra>, JM PAUL, J BRUBAKER<https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=8LEH940AAAAJ&hl=en&oi=sra> - 2019 - pdfs.semanticscholar.org
MORGAN KLAUS SCHEUERMAN, JACOB M. PAUL, and JED R. BRUBAKER, University of
Colorado Boulder Investigations of facial analysis (FA) technologies-such as facial detection
and facial recognition-have been central to discussions about Artificial Intelligence's (AI) impact
on human beings. Research on automatic gender recognition, the classification of gender by
FA technologies, has raised potential concerns around issues of racial and gender bias. In this
study, we augment past work with empirical data by conducting a systematic analysis of how ...

5. Artificial Intelligence: the global landscape of ethics guidelines<https://arxiv.org/abs/1906.11668>
A Jobin<https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Wbv6ytwAAAAJ&hl=en&oi=sra>, M Ienca<https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=lNGTwpMAAAAJ&hl=en&oi=sra>, E Vayena<https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=nwRZpzEAAAAJ&hl=en&oi=sra> - arXiv preprint arXiv:1906.11668, 2019 - arxiv.org
In the last five years, private companies, research institutions as well as public sector
organisations have issued principles and guidelines for ethical AI, yet there is debate about
both what constitutes" ethical AI" and which ethical requirements, technical standards and
best practices are needed for its realization. To investigate whether a global agreement on
these questions is emerging, we mapped and analyzed the current corpus of principles and
guidelines on ethical AI. Our results reveal a global convergence emerging around five ...

6. Men Have a Stronger Monocyte-Derived Cytokine Production Response upon Stimulation with the Gram-Negative Stimulus Lipopolysaccharide than Women: A ...<https://www.karger.com/Article/Abstract/499840>
KGM Beenakker<https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=hhyk6VAAAAAJ&hl=en&oi=sra>, RGJ Westendorp... - Journal of innate ..., 2019 - karger.com
The incidence of bacterial infections and sepsis, as well as the mortality risk from sepsis, is
sex specific. These clinical findings have been attributed to sex differences in immune
responsiveness. The aim of the present study was to investigate sex differences in monocyte-
derived cytokine production response upon stimulation with the gram-negative stimulus
lipopolysaccharide (LPS) using cytokine data from 15 study populations. Individual data on
ex vivo cytokine production response upon stimulation with LPS in whole blood were ...
https://www.fda.gov/media/130971/download

7. Work-Life Conflict and Its Health Effects on Korean Gastroenterologists According to Age and Sex
Eun Sun Jang1 · Seon Mee Park2 · Young Sook Park3 · Jong Chan Lee1 · Nayoung Kim1
Received: 23 July 2019 / Accepted: 10 September 2019
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract
Background This study aimed to evaluate the work-life pattern and prevalence of occupation-related symptoms, as well as
the effect of work-life balance on health status according to age and sex among Korean gastroenterologists.
Methods A total of 222 gastroenterologists from 44 nationwide centers in South Korea participated in an anonymized
self-responded electronic questionnaire survey about their daily activities and symptoms for 14 days. Musculoskeletal,
gastrointestinal and mental symptoms were scored using a numerical scale. The Maslach Burnout Inventory was used to
measure the burnout score.
Results Korean gastroenterologists (124 men and 98 women) spent 71.5 ± 19.0 h/week for work (54.0 ± 16.2 in-hospital and
17.5 ± 9.5 out-of-hospital), without any differences regarding sex. However, women spent more time performing housework
and parenting (20.7 ± 19.0) compared to men (14.3 ± 13.3, P = 0.007). Musculoskeletal pain was found in 199 respondents
(89.6%), and women had a higher total pain score compared to men in all age groups (P = 0.016). Gastrointestinal and mental
symptoms were found in 119 (53.6%) and 153 (68.9%), respectively. Work-life ratio was significantly correlated with
musculoskeletal (P < 0.001), gastrointestinal (P = 0.048) and mental symptoms (P = 0.003). Using the Maslach Burnout
Inventory, 64.4% of the respondents demonstrated burnout. Moreover, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal
accomplishment scores were worst in women in their 30s or 40s.
Conclusion Korean gastroenterologists suffered from musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal and mental symptoms and were
highly prone to burnout due to long and laboring work. Work-life imbalance and burnout were most severe in young women
doctors due to their domestic demands.

8. There are more male than female specimens in natural history museums: Sex biases in bird and mammal natural history collections
https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rspb.2019.2025; https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/news/2019/october/more-male-than-female-specimens-in-natural-history-collections.html

All best, Londa

Londa Schiebinger
Director, EU/US Gendered Innovations in Science, Health & Medicine, Engineering, and Environment Project
John L. Hinds Professor of History of Science, Stanford University
http://www.stanford.edu/dept/HPST/schiebinger.html

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